一位心衰竭病人，下列哪項指導能減少靜脈回流？
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of heart failure. Which instruction helps reduce venous return?
- ALifting legs above heart level將腿部抬高至心臟水平以上
- BSitting in a high Fowler's position✓ 正解採高福勒氏臥位（High Fowler's position）
- CEngaging in strenuous physical activity從事劇烈的體力活動
- DLying flat in bed在床上平躺
心衰竭（Heart failure）病人的核心護理目標之一是減輕心臟前負荷（Preload）。高坐臥位（High Fowler's position）利用地心引力原理，使血液滯留在下肢與腹部臟器，進而減少回流至心臟的靜脈血量。這能直接減輕心臟的工作負擔，並改善因肺部充血造成的呼吸困難。相反地，平躺或抬高下肢會增加靜脈回流，導致心臟負荷過重；劇烈運動則會增加代謝需求，加重心臟負擔。
A core nursing goal for clients with heart failure is to reduce cardiac preload. The high-Fowler's position uses gravity to pool blood in the lower extremities and abdominal organs, thereby reducing venous return to the heart. This directly decreases cardiac workload and relieves dyspnea caused by pulmonary congestion. In contrast, lying flat or elevating the legs increases venous return and overloads the heart; vigorous exercise increases metabolic demand and further burdens the heart.