護理師照護一名臥床病人。下列哪項護理措施對預防深部靜脈栓塞 (DVT) 最有效？
A nurse is caring for a client on bed rest. Which nursing intervention is most effective in preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
- AEncouraging frequent position changes鼓勵頻繁更換姿勢
- BApplying graduated compression stockings穿戴漸進式壓力襪
- CPerforming passive range of motion exercises執行被動關節活動範圍運動
- DAdministering prophylactic anticoagulants as ordered✓ 正解依處方給予預防性抗凝血劑
臥床病人發生深部靜脈栓塞（DVT）的主要機轉為血液淤滯（Venous stasis）。雖然機械性預防（如彈性襪）有效，但循證醫學顯示，藥物性預防（Pharmacological prophylaxis）如低分子量肝素（LMWH）或肝素（Heparin）在預防高風險病患發生 DVT 的效果最顯著。護理師應依醫囑給予抗凝血劑，以從根本機轉上預防栓塞形成。
The primary mechanism of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in bedridden clients is venous stasis. Although mechanical prophylaxis (such as compression stockings) is effective, evidence-based medicine shows that pharmacological prophylaxis with agents such as low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) or heparin has the most significant effect in preventing DVT in high-risk clients. The nurse should administer anticoagulants as ordered to prevent thrombus formation at its underlying mechanism.