為預防有頭暈病史的長者跌倒，護理師應採取哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following actions should a nurse perform to prevent falls in an elderly client with a history of dizziness? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the call light within easy reach✓ 正解將呼叫鈴置於易取處
- BEncourage the client to get up slowly from a lying position✓ 正解鼓勵個案由臥姿緩慢起身
- CEnsure the room is well-lit at night✓ 正解確保夜間房間照明充足
- DApply physical restraints to keep the client in bed使用身體約束具使個案留於床上
- EPlace the bedside table close to the bed✓ 正解將床邊桌放置於床旁近處
預防長者跌倒需提供環境支持與改變行為模式。呼叫鈴在手邊能即時求援，緩慢起床可預防姿勢性低血壓，良好照明減少視力障礙引起的絆倒，床邊桌靠近則減少病人過度延伸身體。物理約束會增加譫妄與肌力流失，非預防跌倒的首選，應優先使用非侵入性防護。
Fall prevention in the elderly requires both environmental supports and behavior modification. Keeping the call light within reach allows the client to summon help immediately; rising slowly prevents orthostatic hypotension; adequate lighting reduces tripping due to impaired vision; and placing the bedside table close to the bed reduces overreaching. Physical restraints increase the risk of delirium and muscle wasting and are not a first-line fall-prevention strategy. Noninvasive protective measures should be used preferentially.
美台對約束限制皆有嚴格法規，美國強調使用床邊感應器或坐姿監測，台灣則多仰賴家屬看顧。