一位行動受限的病人需要被向上移向床頭。護理師應運用哪些身體力學原則？（選所有適合的）
A client with restricted mobility needs to be moved up in bed. Which principles of body mechanics should the nurse apply? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the knees straight and bend at the waist.保持膝蓋伸直並彎腰
- BTighten the abdominal muscles and keep the back straight.✓ 正解收緊腹部肌肉並保持背部挺直
- CPlace the feet wide apart to increase the base of support.✓ 正解雙腳分開以擴大支撐基底
- DHold the client as far away from the nurse's body as possible.將個案盡量遠離護理師身體
- ERaise the bed to a comfortable working height.✓ 正解將病床調整至舒適的工作高度
正確的身體力學能預防護理師職業傷害並確保病人安全。核心原則包括：將床升至腰部高度（E）以減少彎腰；擴大支撐面（C）即雙腳分開與肩同寬，增加穩定度；運用核心肌群（B）收縮腹肌來支撐脊椎。選項 A（彎腰不彎膝）是造成椎間盤突出的典型錯誤動作，應採彎曲膝蓋（蹲下姿態）。選項 D 錯誤，物體應盡量靠近身體中心（Center of gravity）以減少槓桿作用產生的負擔。護理師應協同另一名工作人員使用拉帆完成動作。這體現了 Basic Care 中對護理人員與病人雙方的保護原則。
Proper body mechanics prevent occupational injuries to the nurse and ensure patient safety. Core principles include raising the bed to waist height (E) to avoid bending; widening the base of support (C) by placing the feet shoulder-width apart to enhance stability; and engaging the core musculature (B) by tightening the abdominal muscles to support the spine. Option A (bending at the waist with knees straight) is the classic error that causes lumbar disc injury; the correct technique is to bend the knees and squat. Option D is also incorrect: the load should be held as close to the body's center of gravity as possible to reduce the leverage acting on the back. The nurse should work with a colleague and use a draw sheet to complete the move. This reflects the basic-care principle of protecting both nurse and patient.
美國 OSHA 建議儘量「不徒手搬運」（No-Manual-Lift），強調使用機械升降機。台灣臨床雖然也強調力學，但受限於病房空間，往往還是以兩人徒手配合轉移單為主，因此正確的核心出力更顯重要。