— 基本照護與舒適 · MEDIUM · SATA —
一位因手術禁食（NPO）且感到口腔乾燥的病人，下列哪些護理措施適切？（選所有適合的）
Which interventions are appropriate for a client who is NPO for surgery and experiencing dry mouth? (Select all that apply.)
- AProvide frequent mouth care with a moist sponge✓ 正解頻繁使用濕海綿進行口腔護理
- BAllow the client to sip small amounts of water允許病人小口啜飲少量水
- CApply lip balm to prevent chapped lips✓ 正解塗抹護唇膏以防止嘴唇乾裂
- DEncourage the client to rinse and spit✓ 正解鼓勵病人漱口並吐出
- EUse an alcohol-based mouthwash to freshen breath使用含酒精的漱口水清新口气
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
禁食期間維持口腔濕潤可提升舒適感。使用濕潤海綿擦拭或以水漱口（不吞嚥）是有效且安全的方式。潤唇膏可緩解乾燥。絕對禁止直接飲水以免導致吸入性風險或胃液分泌。酒精成分的漱口水會加重口腔黏膜乾燥，應避免使用。
Maintaining oral moisture during NPO status enhances comfort. Wiping with a moist sponge or rinsing with water (without swallowing) is both effective and safe. Lip balm can relieve dryness. Drinking water directly is strictly prohibited to prevent aspiration risk or gastric secretion. Alcohol-containing mouthwash worsens mucosal dryness and should be avoided.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台臨床對 NPO 定義一致，但台灣護理實務中對漱口的操作規範較為嚴格，通常需醫師確認。