— 基本照護與舒適 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師協助一位活動受限的病人從床上坐起。下列哪項措施最能預防護理師受傷？
A nurse is assisting a client with limited mobility to sit up in bed. What is the most appropriate action to prevent injury to the nurse?
- ABend at the waist to maintain close contact with the client彎曲腰部以保持與病人緊密接觸
- BMaintain a wide base of support and keep the back straight✓ 正解保持寬廣的支撐基礎並挺直背部
- CTwist the torso while lifting to align with the client搬運時扭轉軀幹以與病人對齊
- DKeep feet close together to maintain a narrow center of gravity雙腳併攏以保持狹窄的重心
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
人體力學的核心原則為保持身體對齊，使用大肌肉群（腿部）而非背部肌肉，並透過擴大支撐面（兩腳張開）與降低重心來增加穩定度。避免彎腰（A）、兩腳併攏（D）或軀幹扭轉（C），這些動作皆會增加腰椎壓力，導致職業傷害。
The core principles of body mechanics are to keep the body aligned, use large muscle groups (the legs) rather than the back muscles, and increase stability by widening the base of support (separating the feet) and lowering the center of gravity. Bending at the waist (A), keeping feet together (D), and twisting the torso (C) all increase stress on the lumbar spine and contribute to occupational injury.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美兩地皆高度重視人體力學訓練，美國各州勞工法規對醫療暴力與搬運傷害有嚴格的預防補償規定。