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生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA

護理師正在照顧一位第一型糖尿病病人,該病人正經歷低血糖。護理師應預期出現哪些徵象與症狀?(選所有適合的)

A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who is experiencing hypoglycemia. Which signs and symptoms should the nurse anticipate? (Select all that apply.)

  • ADiaphoresis✓ 正解
    盜汗
  • BFruity breath odor
    果味口臭
  • CTremors✓ 正解
    顫抖
  • DPolyuria
    多尿
  • ETachycardia✓ 正解
    心搏過速
  • FAnxiety and irritability✓ 正解
    焦慮與易怒
Explanation · 中文詳解

低血糖(Hypoglycemia)時,身體會釋放腎上腺素,引發交感神經刺激症狀:出汗(diaphoresis)、顫抖(tremors)、心跳加速(tachycardia)、視力模糊(blurred vision)、焦慮、頭暈。果香味呼吸(fruity breath odor)及多尿(polyuria)是高血糖(hyperglycemia)的症狀,與酮酸中毒(DKA)有關。

During hypoglycemia, the body releases epinephrine, producing sympathetic-mediated symptoms: diaphoresis, tremors, tachycardia, blurred vision, anxiety, and dizziness. A fruity breath odor and polyuria, on the other hand, are signs of hyperglycemia and are associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國常規衛教中,會強調低血糖的早期識別徵象;台灣衛教亦包含此,但可能更側重於高血糖的預防。

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