護理師應提供慢性腎臟病（CKD）病人哪些飲食建議？（選所有適合的）
Which dietary recommendations should a nurse provide to a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD)? (Select all that apply.)
- ARestrict potassium intake✓ 正解限制鉀攝取量
- BIncrease protein intake to improve healing增加蛋白質攝取以促進癒合
- CLimit phosphorus intake✓ 正解限制磷攝取量
- DMonitor sodium intake✓ 正解監測鈉攝取量
- EIncrease intake of dark green leafy vegetables增加深色綠葉蔬菜的攝取
慢性腎臟病（CKD）病人因腎絲球過濾率（GFR）下降，無法有效排除體內代謝廢物及電解質。飲食管理的核心在於減輕腎臟負擔，避免電解質失衡。護理師需教導病人限制攝取會導致高血鉀、高血磷及水腫的食物。蛋白質攝取需嚴格控管，過多會增加尿素氮（BUN）堆積，過少則會導致營養不良，需由臨床營養師依據透析狀態調整。
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and cannot effectively excrete metabolic waste or electrolytes. The cornerstone of dietary management is to reduce the workload on the kidneys and prevent electrolyte imbalance. Nurses must teach patients to limit foods that cause hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and fluid overload. Protein intake requires strict control: too much accelerates BUN accumulation, while too little leads to malnutrition; intake should be adjusted by a clinical dietitian according to dialysis status.
在美國，CKD 飲食教育極度依賴「腎臟專科營養師（Renal Dietitian）」。護理師的角色是進行初步評估並轉介，且需特別衛教病人關於「加工食品中隱藏的磷添加物（Phosphorus additives）」，這是美國飲食常見的健康風險。