護理師準備皮下注射肝素（Heparin）。哪項護理措施正確？
A nurse is preparing to administer heparin subcutaneously. Which nursing action is correct?
- AInject into the abdominal fat pad✓ 正解注射至腹部脂肪墊
- BAspirate to check for blood return抽吸以檢查是否有血液回流
- CUse a 1-inch needle for the injection使用 1 吋針頭進行注射
- DMassage the injection site after administration給藥後按摩注射部位
肝素（Heparin）皮下注射的正確技術對於防止局部血腫與組織損傷至關重要。注射部位應選擇腹部脂肪堆積處（遠離肚臍），並以捏起皮膚的方式注射。重要的是，注射後絕對不可按摩，否則會增加毛細血管破裂出血的風險。此外，皮下注射肝素不需回抽（Aspiration），因其劑量與注射深度不會誤入大血管，回抽反而會造成組織損傷。
Correct subcutaneous injection technique for heparin is essential to prevent local hematoma and tissue injury. The injection site should be in the abdominal fat pad (away from the umbilicus), with the skin pinched up before injection. Importantly, the site must not be massaged after administration, as this increases the risk of capillary rupture and bruising. Aspiration is not necessary for subcutaneous heparin because the dosage and depth do not enter large vessels; aspiration would instead cause tissue trauma.
在美國臨床，肝素皮下注射強調「不按摩」與「不回抽」是 NCLEX 極常考的關鍵點。台灣部分臨床單位若使用傳統技術，可能仍有回抽習慣，但在美執業務必遵循實證醫學指引（不回抽、不按摩）。