— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
哪些臨床發現顯示病人出現了苯妥英鈉(Phenytoin)的副作用?(選所有適合的)
Which assessment findings indicate that a client is experiencing an adverse reaction to phenytoin? (Select all that apply.)
- AGingival hyperplasia✓ 正解牙齦增生
- BNystagmus✓ 正解眼球震顫
- CAtaxia✓ 正解運動失調
- DIncreased blood glucose血糖升高
- ESkin rash✓ 正解皮膚疹
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
苯妥英鈉為常見抗癲癇藥物,其治療窗狹窄。長期服用會導致牙齦增生(Gingival hyperplasia);當血中濃度過高時,會出現眼球震顫(Nystagmus)與運動失調(Ataxia);皮膚疹(Skin rash)則需警惕 Stevens-Johnson syndrome 的早期徵兆,必須立即停藥報告。
Phenytoin is a commonly used antiepileptic with a narrow therapeutic window. Long-term use causes gingival hyperplasia; when serum levels are too high, nystagmus and ataxia appear; and a skin rash should raise concern for early Stevens-Johnson syndrome, requiring immediate discontinuation and reporting.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣針對 Phenytoin 的血中濃度監測(TDM)通常由醫師主導,護理師負責觀察並回報神經學異常症狀,美國護理師常參與給藥後的劑量調整衛教。