病人使用萬古黴素（Vancomycin）治療金黃色葡萄球菌感染。為預防紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome），護理師應如何做？
A patient is prescribed vancomycin for a severe Staphylococcal infection. To prevent Red Man Syndrome, what should the nurse do?
- APre-medicate with an opioid analgesic預先用鴉片類鎮痛藥給藥
- BMonitor for hypertension during the infusion在輸注期間監測高血壓
- CInfuse the medication over at least 60 minutes✓ 正解將藥物輸注時間延長至少 60 分鐘
- DAdminister the medication as a rapid bolus作為快速推注給藥
紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome）並非真正的過敏反應，而是萬古黴素（Vancomycin）輸注過快導致肥大細胞（Mast cells）釋放組織胺（Histamine）所引發的類過敏反應。臨床表現為上半身（臉、頸、胸）潮紅、搔癢、低血壓及心跳過速。預防的核心在於控制輸注速率，根據標準臨床指引，輸注時間必須至少在 60 分鐘以上，以維持適當的血中濃度增加速度。若發生此症狀，應立即減慢或暫停輸注，並根據醫囑給予抗組織胺。
Red Man Syndrome is not a true allergic reaction but rather an anaphylactoid reaction caused by rapid vancomycin infusion that triggers histamine release from mast cells. Clinically, it presents as flushing of the upper body (face, neck, chest), pruritus, hypotension, and tachycardia. The core preventive measure is to control the infusion rate; according to standard clinical guidelines, the infusion must be given over at least 60 minutes to maintain a gradual rise in serum drug concentration. If symptoms occur, the infusion should be slowed or stopped immediately and antihistamines administered per provider orders.
在美國臨床，萬古黴素給藥前常需確認腎功能（Creatinine clearance）並計算劑量，輸注時多使用輸液幫浦（IV pump）嚴格控制速率。台灣臨床對此藥物同樣高度重視輸注速度，但護理師需特別注意藥局調配的濃度與輸注時間標準。