病人正接受靜脈注射萬古黴素（vancomycin）。護理師應監測哪種表現以識別「紅人症候群」？
A client is prescribed intravenous vancomycin. Which manifestation should the nurse monitor to identify vancomycin flushing syndrome?
- AHypotension and generalized pruritus✓ 正解低血壓與全身性搔癢
- BFever and chills發燒與寒顫
- CPain at the IV insertion site靜脈穿刺部位疼痛
- DWheezing and tongue swelling喘鳴與舌頭腫脹
「紅人症候群」（Red Man Syndrome）並非真正的過敏反應（IgE 媒介），而是因為萬古黴素（Vancomycin）輸注速度過快，導致組織胺（Histamine）大量釋放所引起的類過敏反應。臨床上最常表現為臉部、頸部及上半身的潮紅、搔癢，嚴重時伴隨低血壓。處理原則為立即暫停輸注，評估病人狀況後，依醫囑給予抗組織胺，並在症狀緩解後以更慢的速度重新開始輸注。
Red Man Syndrome is not a true (IgE-mediated) allergic reaction but rather an anaphylactoid reaction caused by excessive histamine release from a too-rapid vancomycin infusion. It most commonly manifests as flushing and pruritus of the face, neck, and upper body, and may be accompanied by hypotension in severe cases. Management consists of immediately stopping the infusion, assessing the client, administering antihistamines per orders, and, after symptom resolution, restarting the infusion at a slower rate.
在美國臨床，萬古黴素輸注通常嚴格遵守至少 60 分鐘以上的輸注時間（視劑量而定），且常有藥局預先調配好劑量與稀釋濃度，護理師需確認輸注泵設定準確以預防此現象。