護理師發生針扎意外，下列哪一項是優先採取的行動？
Which of the following is the priority action for a nurse who has experienced a needle-stick injury?
- ANotify the nurse manager通知護理長
- BReport to the occupational health department通報職業衛生部門
- CApply an antiseptic to the wound在傷口上塗抹消毒劑
- DWash the affected area with soap and water✓ 正解用肥皂和水清洗受影響區域
針扎意外（Needle-stick injury）屬於重大職業安全事件。護理師首要任務是立即降低病原體透過傷口進入血流的機會。物理性移除是第一優先，應立即以肥皂與清水徹底清洗傷口，不可用力擠壓傷口，以免增加微血管損傷導致病毒擴散。清洗後應迅速完成醫療通報程序，由職業安全部門評估是否需進行暴露後預防投藥（PEP）。
A needlestick injury is a major occupational safety event. The nurse's first priority is to immediately reduce the chance of pathogens entering the bloodstream through the wound. Physical removal is the highest priority: the wound should be washed thoroughly with soap and water immediately, without forcefully squeezing the wound, which could damage capillaries and spread the virus. After washing, the nurse should promptly complete the medical reporting process so that occupational health can assess the need for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
美國醫院對於 Bloodborne Pathogens 的處理有極高的 compliance 要求。針扎後必須在 2 小時內評估是否投藥（PEP），且醫院會強制要求護理師填寫 Incident Report，這不僅是個人健康追蹤，更是 OSHA 職業安全監控的一環。