— 安全與感染控制 · HARD · SATA —
護理師教導學生有關傳染病防護措施。下列哪些疾病需要飛沫傳染防護？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a student about transmission-based precautions. Which conditions require droplet precautions? (Select all that apply.)
- APertussis✓ 正解百日咳
- BInfluenza✓ 正解流行性感冒
- CVaricella水痘
- DMeningococcal pneumonia✓ 正解腦膜炎雙球菌性肺炎
- ETuberculosis結核病
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
飛沫傳染病原體顆粒較大，通常在 3 英尺內傳播。百日咳、流感與腦膜炎雙球菌肺炎均符合此定義。水痘與肺結核屬於空氣傳播（Airborne），需要 N95 口罩與負壓病房。正確區分這兩類傳播途徑是感染控制的硬核心知識。
Droplet pathogens are relatively large particles that typically transmit within 3 feet. Pertussis, influenza, and meningococcal pneumonia all meet this definition. Varicella and tuberculosis are airborne and require an N95 respirator and a negative-pressure room. Correctly distinguishing these two routes of transmission is core knowledge in infection control.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩國 CDC 對於傳染病隔離防護的分類標準高度一致，皆遵循 CDC 指引。