一位病人執行空氣傳播隔離(Airborne Precautions)。護理師進入病房時必須配戴哪項防護裝備?
A client is placed on airborne precautions. Which personal protective equipment (PPE) is mandatory for the nurse to wear?
- AN95 respirator✓ 正解N95 呼吸防護器
- BGoggles護目鏡
- CShoe covers鞋套
- DSurgical mask外科口罩
空氣傳播隔離(Airborne Precautions)適用於病原體能長時間懸浮於空氣中的疾病(如結核病、麻疹、水痘)。由於這些病原體微粒極小,一般外科口罩無法提供足夠的過濾效能。N95 呼吸防護器(N95 respirator)經過特殊設計,能過濾至少 95% 的微小顆粒,是進入空氣傳播隔離病房時強制規定的防護裝備。
Airborne precautions are used for diseases whose pathogens can remain suspended in the air for long periods (such as tuberculosis, measles, varicella). Because the pathogen particles are extremely small, a standard surgical mask cannot provide adequate filtration. An N95 respirator is specifically designed to filter at least 95% of small particles and is mandatory PPE when entering an airborne-isolation room.
美國醫院對於 N95 的使用有嚴格的「密合度測試」(Fit testing)規定,護理師每年需定期進行測試,以確保口罩與臉部完全密合。