護理師準備給藥，哪些行動符合安全流程？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer medications to multiple clients. Which actions by the nurse indicate adherence to safety protocols? (Select all that apply.)
- AAsking the client to state their name and date of birth✓ 正解要求病人自報姓名和出生日期
- BComparing the medication label with the MAR at the bedside✓ 正解在床邊將藥物標籤與藥物給藥紀錄（MAR）進行比對
- COpening all medication packets before entering the client's room進入病人房間前打開所有藥物包裝
- DVerifying the dosage with another nurse for high-alert medications✓ 正解對高警訊藥物由另一位護理師核對劑量
- EChecking client allergies before administration✓ 正解給藥前檢查病人過敏史
給藥安全的核心在於落實「給藥五/六大原則（The 6 Rights of Medication Administration）」，以防止醫療疏失。護理師必須在床邊進行雙重身份核對，並確保藥物與醫囑一致。預先開啟藥包會導致藥物標示不明或受污染，違背安全給藥程序。高警訊藥物（High-alert medications）因治療指數窄，極易引發嚴重不良反應，必須進行雙人核對（Double-check）。
The cornerstone of medication safety is faithful execution of the Six Rights of Medication Administration to prevent errors. The nurse must perform a two-identifier check at the bedside and ensure that the medication matches the order. Pre-opening medication packets results in unclear labeling or contamination and violates safe administration procedures. High-alert medications, with their narrow therapeutic indices, can easily cause serious adverse reactions and require an independent double-check.
在美國，給藥前於床邊使用條碼掃描（Barcode Medication Administration, BCMA）是標準流程，若系統故障才使用人工核對。台灣部分醫院已導入條碼，但人工核對仍相當依賴護理師的臨床警覺。