護理師照護一位放置中央靜脈導管（CVC）的病人，哪些措施能預防導管相關血流感染（CRBSI）？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a central venous access device. Which actions prevent catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI)? (Select all that apply.)
- APerform hand hygiene before touching the line✓ 正解接觸導管前執行手部衛生
- BUse aseptic technique for all line manipulations✓ 正解所有導管操作均使用無菌技術
- CChange the IV tubing every 24 hours regardless of fluid type無論液體種類為何，每 24 小時更換靜脈輸液管路
- DUse a chlorhexidine-impregnated dressing✓ 正解使用含氯己定（chlorhexidine）的敷料
- EClean the access port with alcohol for 5 seconds以酒精清潔存取端口 5 秒
預防 CRBSI 的 bundle 包含：執行手部衛生、使用無菌技術操作、使用含氯己定（Chlorhexidine）敷料以減少皮膚菌叢。輸液管更換頻率依輸液種類（如脂質需 24 小時，一般液體則可維持 72-96 小時）。Port 清潔需依醫院規範至少 scrubbing 15 秒以上，5 秒不足以殺菌。
The bundle for preventing CRBSI includes performing hand hygiene, using sterile technique during manipulation, and using chlorhexidine-impregnated dressings to reduce skin flora. The frequency of IV tubing changes depends on the type of solution (e.g., lipid-containing solutions every 24 hours, while general fluids can be maintained for 72 to 96 hours). Port cleaning should follow institutional standards and require scrubbing for at least 15 seconds; 5 seconds is insufficient to disinfect.
美國對於 CRBSI 監測指標（CLABSI rates）極為嚴格，與醫院評鑑獎勵掛鉤，台灣醫院亦正強化此監測系統。