在醫院發生火災緊急情況時，護理師應執行哪些行動？（選所有適合的）
Which actions should the nurse perform during a fire emergency in a hospital setting? (Select all that apply.)
- ARescue clients in immediate danger.✓ 正解救援處於直接危險中的病人。
- BActivate the fire alarm system.✓ 正解啟動火災警報系統。
- CContain the fire by closing doors and windows.✓ 正解通過關閉門窗來控制火勢。
- DExtinguish the fire using a fire extinguisher regardless of fire size.無論火勢大小，均使用滅火器滅火。
- EEvacuate all clients from the building as the first step.將所有病人從建築物疏散作為第一步。
醫院火災應變遵循 RACE 原則：R (Rescue/Remove) - 優先移開受威脅的病人；A (Alarm/Activate) - 啟動警報並通報火警；C (Confine/Contain) - 關閉門窗以限制火煙蔓延；E (Extinguish/Evacuate) - 在安全範圍內嘗試滅火，或進行疏散。選項 D 是錯誤的，因為滅火（Extinguish）應僅限於小型、可控的初期火災，若火勢過大則應優先選擇疏散。選項 E 也是錯誤的，首要步驟是救出『直接受威脅』的人，而非立即清空整棟大樓。整個應變流程強調的是『人命優先、限制損失、有序撤離』，護理師需熟悉環境中的滅火器位置與防火門運作。
Hospital fire response follows the RACE principle: R (Rescue/Remove) – first move clients in immediate danger; A (Alarm/Activate) – activate the alarm system and report the fire; C (Confine/Contain) – close doors and windows to limit spread of fire and smoke; E (Extinguish/Evacuate) – attempt to extinguish only if safe, or evacuate. Option D is incorrect because extinguishing should be limited to small, controllable early-stage fires; if the fire is too large, evacuation should take priority. Option E is also incorrect because the first step is to rescue those directly threatened, not immediately empty the entire building. The overall response emphasizes 'life first, limit damage, orderly evacuation.' Nurses must be familiar with fire extinguisher locations and operation of fire doors.
美國醫院消防演習（Fire Drills）極其頻繁且受聯合委員會（TJC）查核，護理師對 RACE 朗朗上口。台灣醫院雖然也有定期演習，但在『侷限火煙』（C）的落實上，有時病房門會因美觀或便利而保持敞開，這在 NCLEX 考試中是絕對的安全漏洞。