— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師準備靜脈給予萬古黴素（Vancomycin）。下列哪些措施符合給藥安全原則？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer Vancomycin IV to a client. Which actions are appropriate for safe administration? (Select all that apply.)
- AInfuse the medication over at least 60 minutes✓ 正解至少以 60 分鐘的時間輸注藥物
- BMonitor the client for flushing or hypotension✓ 正解監測病人是否有潮紅或低血壓
- CAssess for signs of infiltration at the IV site✓ 正解評估靜脈注射部位是否有滲漏跡象
- DAdminister a rapid bolus to ensure quick drug absorption給予快速推注以確保藥物迅速吸收
- ECheck the trough level before the scheduled dose✓ 正解在預定劑量前檢查波谷濃度
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
萬古黴素若輸注過快，會導致紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome），表現為臉部、頸部與上身潮紅、低血壓。因此必須緩慢給藥，並密切監測注射部位是否滲漏，因為該藥具有刺激性。此外，需定期檢測波谷濃度（Trough level）以調整給藥劑量。
If vancomycin is infused too rapidly, it can cause Red Man Syndrome, manifested by flushing of the face, neck, and upper body, along with hypotension. The drug must therefore be administered slowly, and the nurse must closely monitor the injection site for infiltration because the drug is a tissue irritant. In addition, trough levels must be checked periodically to adjust dosing.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣醫院多有嚴格的 Vancomycin 給藥 SOP，包括必須使用輸注幫浦（Pump）設定時間，美國則更依賴護理師的臨床判斷。