護理師照顧一位高跌倒風險的老年病人，哪項介入最有效？
A nurse is caring for an older adult client at risk for falls. Which intervention is most effective?
- AApply physical restraints使用身體約束
- BAsk the family to stay with the client請家屬陪伴病人
- CPlace the client in a room near the nursing station將病人安置在護理站附近的房間
- DKeep the bed in the lowest position✓ 正解保持床墊處於最低位置
預防老年病人跌倒的核心在於環境改造與風險評估。將床位降至最低是簡單卻極為有效的措施，一旦病人不慎滾落，能將墜落高度降至最低，減少嚴重創傷（如髖部骨折）的風險。身體約束（Restraints）屬於最後手段，會造成病人焦慮、肌肉萎縮及皮膚損傷，需有醫囑且僅能短期使用；移至護理站旁雖利於觀察，但仍無法取代環境安全配置。
Preventing falls in older adults centers on environmental modification and risk assessment. Keeping the bed in the lowest position is a simple yet highly effective measure: if the client should slip out of bed, this minimizes the distance of the fall and reduces the risk of serious trauma (such as a hip fracture). Physical restraints are a last resort and can cause anxiety, muscle atrophy, and skin injury; they require a provider order and may only be used short-term. Moving the client closer to the nursing station improves observation but cannot replace environmental safety measures.