護理師正在指導一位新手媽媽關於預防嬰兒猝死症 (SIDS) 的措施。護理師應提供哪些指導？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a new mother about sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) prevention. Which instructions should the nurse provide? (Select all that apply.)
- APlace the infant on their back to sleep.✓ 正解讓嬰兒仰睡。
- BUse a firm sleep surface with a fitted sheet.✓ 正解使用堅實的睡眠表面並鋪上緊身床單。
- CKeep soft objects and loose bedding out of the crib.✓ 正解將柔軟物品和鬆散的寢具移出嬰兒床。
- DShare a bed with the infant to monitor breathing closely.與嬰兒同睡以便密切監測呼吸。
- EAvoid exposing the infant to tobacco smoke.✓ 正解避免讓嬰兒暴露於菸草煙霧中。
預防 SIDS 是新生兒健康促進的首要任務。核心原則是「仰睡」(Back to Sleep) (A)，這能保持呼吸道通暢。睡眠環境必須簡潔：堅實的床墊 (B)、不放置玩偶或鬆軟毛毯 (C) 以防窒息。二手菸 (E) 是已知的危險因子，會影響嬰兒呼吸控制。選項 D (同床睡) 是極大的誤區，雖然家長認為能近距離監控，但實際上增加了被大人壓到或陷入軟墊窒息的風險，正確做法是「同房不同床」。護理師應反覆強調這些具體的安全行為，以降低悲劇發生率。
Preventing SIDS is a primary task in newborn health promotion. The core principle is "Back to Sleep" (A), which keeps the airway clear. The sleep environment must be simple: a firm mattress (B), with no soft toys or loose bedding (C) to prevent suffocation. Secondhand smoke (E) is a known risk factor that affects infant respiratory control. Option D (bed-sharing) is a major misconception; although parents believe close-up monitoring is beneficial, it actually increases the risk of being smothered by adults or suffocating in soft bedding. The correct approach is "room-sharing without bed-sharing." The nurse should repeatedly emphasize these specific safety behaviors to reduce the incidence of this tragedy.
美國 AAP 極力推廣 'ABC' (Alone, Back, Crib) 口訣；台灣亦由國健署推動「五招安心睡」，兩地護理師皆需針對傳統文化中「趴睡頭型好看」的迷思進行強力衛教。