護理師為新診斷第一型糖尿病個案規劃教育課程。應強調哪些疾病自我管理的核心概念？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is planning an educational session for a client with newly diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes. What core concepts should the nurse emphasize for disease self-management? (Select all that apply.)
- ASelf-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG)✓ 正解自我血糖監測 (SMBG)
- BSymptoms of hypoglycemia and treatment✓ 正解低血糖症狀及處理
- CProper insulin administration techniques✓ 正解正確的胰島素注射技術
- DThe need to eliminate all dietary sugar需完全消除飲食中的糖分
- EFoot and eye care assessments✓ 正解足部與眼部檢查評估
第一型糖尿病個案需終身依賴外源性胰島素，自我監測血糖、認識低血糖症狀及處理、胰島素注射技術以及針對慢性併發症的預防（護眼、護足）是核心。D 選項錯誤：不需要完全禁止飲食中的醣類，應學習醣類計算（Carb Counting）並維持攝取平衡，而非矯枉過正。
Clients with Type 1 diabetes require lifelong exogenous insulin. Self-monitoring of blood glucose, recognizing and managing hypoglycemia, proper insulin injection technique, and prevention of chronic complications (eye and foot care) are core concepts. Option D is incorrect: dietary sugar does not need to be completely eliminated; clients should learn carbohydrate counting and maintain a balanced intake rather than overcorrecting.
美國糖尿病衛教師（CDE）與註冊營養師（RD）的整合照護模式相當成熟，台灣則多由醫院端衛教團隊進行一條龍式教學。