病人診斷為高血鉀症。護理師預期給予哪種藥物來治療此狀況？
A client is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which medication should the nurse expect to administer to treat this condition?
- ACalcium gluconate✓ 正解葡萄糖酸鈣
- BSpironolactone螺內酯
- CMagnesium sulfate硫酸鎂
- DPotassium chloride氯化鉀
高血鉀症（Hyperkalemia）最致命的併發症為心律不整，因為過高的鉀離子會改變心肌細胞的去極化電位。臨床處理的首要原則是「穩定心肌細胞膜」，其次才是促使鉀離子進入細胞內或排出體外。葡萄糖酸鈣（Calcium gluconate）雖無法降低血鉀濃度，但能有效拮抗鉀離子對心肌膜的影響，防止致命性心律不整發生。
The most life-threatening complication of hyperkalemia is dysrhythmia, because an excessively high potassium concentration alters the depolarization potential of cardiac myocytes. The first clinical principle in managing hyperkalemia is to "stabilize the cardiac cell membrane," followed by measures to shift potassium into cells or remove it from the body. Although calcium gluconate does not lower serum potassium, it effectively antagonizes the effect of potassium on the myocardial membrane and prevents lethal dysrhythmias.
台美臨床對於高血鉀的緊急處理標準流程高度一致。需特別注意的是，在美國臨床，護理師給予鈣劑時須確認病人是否正在使用毛地黃（Digoxin），因高血鈣可能增加毛地黃中毒風險。