— 降低風險 · HARD · SATA —
護理師照護一位鉀離子濃度 6.2 mEq/L 的病人，下列哪些措施是適當的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a potassium level of 6.2 mEq/L. Which interventions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdminister loop diuretics✓ 正解施用袢利尿劑
- BInitiate continuous cardiac monitoring✓ 正解開始持續心臟監測
- CAdminister potassium chloride IV supplement靜脈注射氯化鉀補充劑
- DAdminister sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)✓ 正解施用聚苯乙烯磺酸鈉 (Kayexalate)
- ELimit intake of high-potassium foods✓ 正解限制高鉀食物的攝取
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
血鉀 6.2 mEq/L 為高血鉀，極易引發心律不整。首要為心電圖監測。治療包括使用排鉀利尿劑（Loop diuretics）、陽離子交換樹脂（Kayexalate）排鉀、限鉀飲食。絕對禁止給予鉀離子補充品。
Immediate cardiac monitoring is critical because hyperkalemia poses a high risk for lethal arrhythmias. Appropriate interventions include administering loop diuretics and sodium polystyrene sulfonate to promote potassium excretion, while strictly limiting dietary potassium intake.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台醫療對於高血鉀的緊急處理指引高度一致，皆視其為電解質危急值。