護理師照護一位經尿道前列腺切除術後持續膀胱沖洗的病人，下列哪些發現應視為異常？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) following a TURP. Which findings should the nurse document as abnormal? (Select all that apply.)
- ABright red drainage with large clots✓ 正解引流液呈鮮紅色並有大血塊
- BOutput significantly less than input✓ 正解排出量顯著少於輸入量
- CLight pink, clear drainage引流液呈淡粉紅色且清澈
- DBladder spasms and pain✓ 正解膀胱痙攣和疼痛
- EUrge to void around the catheter✓ 正解繞過導尿管的排尿慾望
CBI 監測重點在於引流管的通暢。亮紅色出血代表術後出血未止，需調整速率；出量少於入量極可能是血塊阻塞，需立即沖洗。膀胱痙攣與尿意感常伴隨阻塞，需確認管路無壓迫。粉紅色液體是預期術後過程，無需過度擔憂。
CBI monitoring focuses on keeping the drainage tube patent. Bright red bleeding suggests ongoing postoperative hemorrhage, and the irrigation rate may need to be increased. Output significantly less than input is highly suggestive of clot obstruction and requires immediate manual irrigation. Bladder spasms and the urge to void around the catheter often accompany obstruction, and the nurse must check that the tubing is not kinked or compressed. Light pink, clear drainage is an expected postoperative finding and does not require concern.
美台臨床對於 TURP 後 CBI 的照護原則高度一致，皆強調維持引流通暢以預防膀胱填塞。