— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
在為病人靜脈注射嗎啡（Morphine）前，哪項評估是最高優先順序？
Which assessment is the highest priority before administering an intravenous dose of morphine sulfate to a client?
- ALevel of consciousness意識程度
- BRespiratory rate✓ 正解呼吸頻率
- CBlood pressure血壓
- DPain scale rating疼痛量表評分
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
嗎啡屬於鴉片類止痛藥，其最致命的副作用是呼吸抑制。在給藥前必須確認病人的呼吸頻率與深淺，若呼吸過慢（通常小於 12 次/分），則應暫停給藥並通知醫師。雖疼痛指數與血壓也很重要，但呼吸抑制與生命安全直接相關，故為第一優先。
Morphine is an opioid analgesic, and its most lethal adverse effect is respiratory depression. Before administration, the nurse must assess the client's respiratory rate and depth. If respirations are too slow (typically less than 12 breaths per minute), the dose should be withheld and the provider notified. Although pain score and blood pressure are also important, respiratory depression is directly linked to life safety and is therefore the first priority.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對於鴉片類藥物管控皆極嚴格，台灣需醫師開立管制藥單，護理師需雙人核對才可給予。