護理師照護長期接受類固醇治療的病人。應監測下列哪項副作用？
A nurse is caring for a patient on long-term corticosteroid therapy. Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor for?
- AHypoglycemia低血糖
- BWeight loss體重減輕
- CHypotension低血壓
- DOsteoporosis✓ 正解骨質疏鬆
長期使用類固醇（Corticosteroid）會抑制成骨細胞功能並增加鈣質流失，導致骨質疏鬆及病理性骨折。此外，類固醇具有類糖皮質激素作用，會促進糖質新生，導致高血糖（而非低血糖）；其鹽皮質激素作用會導致水鈉滯留，引起高血壓（而非低血壓）；脂肪重新分配與水腫則會導致體重增加（而非減輕）。護理師應監測骨密度、血糖與血壓。
Long-term corticosteroid therapy suppresses osteoblast function and promotes calcium loss, leading to osteoporosis and pathologic fractures. In addition, the glucocorticoid effect of steroids promotes gluconeogenesis and causes hyperglycemia (not hypoglycemia); the mineralocorticoid effect produces sodium and water retention, leading to hypertension (not hypotension); and fat redistribution and edema usually cause weight gain (not weight loss). The nurse should monitor bone mineral density, blood glucose, and blood pressure.