關於身體約束的使用，哪些敘述是正確的？（選所有適合的）
Which statements are true regarding the use of restraints? (Select all that apply.)
- ARestraints should be used as a last resort✓ 正解約束應作為最後手段使用
- BA physician's order is required for restraints✓ 正解使用約束需有醫師醫囑
- CRestraints should be checked every 2 hours應每 2 小時檢查一次約束
- DThe nurse should tie restraints to the side rails護理師應將約束綁在床欄上
- EUse the least restrictive type of restraint✓ 正解使用限制程度最低的約束類型
身體約束（Restraints）是為了維護病人安全，但因其限制人權，必須遵守嚴格的法律與倫理規範。核心原則包括：僅在所有替代方案（如轉移注意力、監護）失敗後作為最後手段使用；必須有醫師開立醫囑（Order），且醫囑需定期更新（不可開立長期永久醫囑）；必須使用「限制程度最低」的約束方式。護理師需定期評估病人的神經血管狀態，並記錄約束的必要性與病人的反應。
Restraints are used to ensure client safety, but because they restrict human rights, their use must comply with strict legal and ethical standards. Core principles include using them as a last resort, only after all alternatives (such as redirection and monitoring) have failed; requiring a provider's order that must be renewed at regular intervals (long-term standing orders are not permitted); and using the least restrictive form of restraint possible. The nurse must regularly assess the client's neurovascular status and document both the necessity of the restraint and the client's response.
美國非常重視約束的法律文件（Documentation），護理師需詳細記錄嘗試過的替代方案（Alternatives）。台灣臨床有時在執行上較為寬鬆，但 NCLEX 考試中必須強調「醫囑」與「評估」的重要性。