下列哪項護理介入可預防病人發生院內感染？
Which of the following interventions prevents a client from acquiring an infection while in the hospital?
- AChanging IV tubing according to facility policy✓ 正解依照機構政策更換靜脈輸注管路
- BSharing equipment between clients在病人之間共用設備
- CUsing only tap water for wound care僅使用自來水進行傷口護理
- DEncouraging visitors to sit on the patient's bed鼓勵訪客坐在病人床上
預防院內感染（Healthcare-associated infections, HAIs）應遵循無菌技術（Aseptic technique）與標準防護措施。IV 管路是細菌進入血液循環的直接途徑，定期更換管路能有效降低導管相關血流感染（CRBSI）的風險。其他選項均違反感控原則： tap water 可能含有微生物，不能用於傷口；共用設備會造成交叉感染；訪客坐於床上會將環境細菌帶至病人床單，增加感染機會。
Prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) should follow aseptic technique and standard precautions. IV lines are a direct route for bacteria to enter the bloodstream, so routine tubing changes effectively reduce the risk of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). The other options violate infection control principles: tap water may contain microorganisms and cannot be used on wounds; sharing equipment causes cross-contamination; and visitors sitting on the bed bring environmental bacteria onto the patient's linens and increase infection risk.
美國醫院對於 IV 管路的更換頻率通常嚴格遵循 CDC 或各院臨床實證指引（例如每 96 小時更換），護理師需精確執行以符合品質指標。