— 安全與感染控制 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師照護一位患有活動性肺結核的病人。下列哪項措施對防止傳播至關重要？
A nurse is caring for a client with active tuberculosis (TB). Which intervention is essential to prevent transmission?
- APerform hand hygiene only after leaving the room僅在離開病房後執行手部衛生
- BWear a standard surgical mask when entering the room進入病房時佩戴一般外科口罩
- CImplement contact precautions for all visitors對所有訪客實施接觸隔離措施
- DPlace the client in a private room with negative air pressure✓ 正解將病人安置於維持負壓的單人病房
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
肺結核是透過空氣微粒傳播，因此必須安置於空氣負壓隔離室（AIIR），確保微粒不會溢散至走廊。外科口罩無法過濾結核桿菌微粒，醫護人員需配戴 N95 口罩。接觸隔離非主要預防手段，手部衛生應在接觸前後皆執行。
Tuberculosis is transmitted via airborne particles, so the client must be placed in an airborne infection isolation room (AIIR) with negative pressure to ensure that particles do not escape into the corridor. A surgical mask cannot filter Mycobacterium tuberculosis particles; staff must wear an N95 respirator. Contact precautions are not the principal preventive measure, and hand hygiene must be performed both before and after patient contact.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美均嚴格執行空氣隔離規範，但台灣在資源有限時偶有 cohort nursing（同病室隔離）狀況，美國則嚴格要求單人負壓。