護理師準備餵食一位有吞嚥困難的病人。哪項措施是優先的？
A nurse is preparing to feed a client who has dysphagia. Which intervention is the priority?
- AOffer thin liquids to keep the throat hydrated提供薄流質以保持喉嚨濕潤
- BGive large bites to stimulate the swallowing reflex給予大口食物以刺激吞嚥反射
- CSuction the client after every bite每吃一口後進行抽吸
- DPlace the client in an upright position (at least 90 degrees)✓ 正解將客戶置於直立姿勢（至少90度）
吞嚥困難（Dysphagia）病人的首要安全風險是誤吸（Aspiration）導致吸入性肺炎。在餵食前，確保病人處於高坐姿（至少 90 度）是利用地心引力幫助吞嚥，並保持呼吸道與食道角度正確，減少食物進入氣管的機率。薄流質最容易誤吸，臨床上通常需加入稠化劑（Thickener）。大口餵食會增加吞嚥負荷，而過度抽吸無法解決吞嚥本身的問題，反而會刺激咳嗽，甚至造成黏膜損傷。
The primary safety risk for a patient with dysphagia is aspiration leading to aspiration pneumonia. Before feeding, ensuring the patient is in a high Fowler's position (at least 90 degrees) uses gravity to assist swallowing and maintains correct airway-esophageal alignment, reducing the chance of food entering the trachea. Thin liquids are most prone to aspiration, so a thickener is generally required clinically. Large mouthfuls increase the swallowing burden, and excessive suctioning does not address swallowing itself; it may stimulate coughing or even cause mucosal injury.