護理師指導一位第一型糖尿病病人胰島素注射技術，哪些行為顯示病人已正確理解？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus about insulin injection techniques. Which actions demonstrate proper understanding? (Select all that apply.)
- ARotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy✓ 正解輪替注射部位以防止脂肪營養不良
- BInject insulin at a 90-degree angle for most needles✓ 正解對於大多數針頭以90度角注射胰島素
- CCleanse the site with alcohol and allow it to dry completely✓ 正解以酒精清潔注射部位並讓其完全乾燥
- DMassage the injection site vigorously after the injection注射後用力按摩注射部位
- EStore unused insulin in the freezer to maintain potency將未使用的胰島素存放在冷凍庫以保持效力
胰島素注射正確步驟包含：輪流注射部位以預防脂肪萎縮、多數短針頭採 90 度垂直注射、消毒後酒精需完全乾燥以避免刺激。按摩注射部位會加速胰島素吸收，可能導致血糖波動，故不建議。胰島素存放於冰箱冷藏，不可冷凍，否則會破壞蛋白結構。
Correct insulin injection steps include rotating injection sites to prevent lipoatrophy, using a 90-degree perpendicular angle with most short needles, and allowing alcohol to dry completely after antiseptic preparation to avoid irritation. Massaging the injection site accelerates insulin absorption and may cause unpredictable glucose swings, so it is not recommended. Insulin should be refrigerated and never frozen, since freezing denatures the protein structure.
台灣糖尿病衛教多由衛教師專責處理；美國則高度整合在護理師的日常照護範疇中。