— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師照護一位愛迪生氏病（Addison's disease）病人。護理師最可能觀察到哪種電解質不平衡？
A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of Addison's disease. Which electrolyte imbalance is the nurse most likely to observe?
- AHypocalcemia and hypermagnesemia低血鈣與高血鎂
- BHypernatremia and hypokalemia高血鈉與低血鉀
- CHyperglycemia and hypernatremia高血糖與高血鈉
- DHyponatremia and hyperkalemia✓ 正解低血鈉與高血鉀
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
愛迪生氏病 (Addison's disease) 是腎上腺皮質功能不足，導致醛固酮 (Aldosterone) 與皮質醇 (Cortisol) 分泌減少。醛固酮的正常功能是調節水電解質平衡，透過「保鈉排鉀」來維持血壓。當醛固酮缺乏時，身體會大量流失鈉（低血鈉）並滯留鉀（高血鉀）。病人常伴有脫水、低血壓與低血糖。
Addison's disease is adrenal cortical insufficiency, leading to decreased secretion of aldosterone and cortisol. Aldosterone normally regulates water and electrolyte balance by retaining sodium and excreting potassium, thereby maintaining blood pressure. When aldosterone is deficient, the body loses large amounts of sodium (hyponatremia) and retains potassium (hyperkalemia). Patients often also have dehydration, hypotension, and hypoglycemia.