護理師準備經鼻胃管給藥，下列哪項措施可降低吸入性肺炎風險？
A nurse is preparing to administer medication via a nasogastric (NG) tube. Which nursing action is appropriate to reduce the risk of aspiration?
- ACheck residual volume and ensure it is less than 100 mL檢查殘餘量並確保少於 100 mL
- BFlush the tube with 50 mL of sterile water before medication給藥前以 50 mL 無菌水沖洗管子
- CElevate the head of the bed to 30-45 degrees✓ 正解將床頭抬高 30-45 度
- DPosition the client in a side-lying position將病人置於側臥姿勢
為預防鼻胃管灌食或給藥導致的胃食道逆流及吸入性肺炎，臨床照護基準為抬高床頭 30-45 度。側臥位對預防逆流效果不及半坐臥位。檢查殘餘量標準各醫院規範略有差異，非唯一防止吸入的方法。過量沖洗水會增加胃部負荷，應以適量沖洗即可。
To prevent gastroesophageal reflux and aspiration pneumonia from NG tube feeding or medication administration, the clinical standard is to elevate the head of the bed 30-45 degrees. A side-lying position is less effective than semi-Fowler's for preventing reflux. Residual volume thresholds vary slightly between institutions and are not the sole method of preventing aspiration. Excessive flushing fluid increases gastric load; appropriate amounts of flushing are sufficient.
台灣醫院對於鼻胃管灌食後的抬高時間（如 30-60 分鐘）常有明確護理指導政策。