— 降低風險 · HARD · SATA —
護理師準備對低血鉀病人靜脈給予氯化鉀。哪些動作是為了安全起見？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride intravenously to a client with hypokalemia. Which actions are required for safety? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdminister the infusion via a central line if possible✓ 正解若可能，透過中心靜脈管路給藥
- BUse an infusion pump to control the rate✓ 正解使用輸注幫浦控制速率
- CAdminister as an IV bolus push作為靜脈推注給藥
- DMonitor the site for signs of phlebitis✓ 正解監測部位是否有靜脈炎的跡象
- EVerify the patient's urine output before infusion✓ 正解在給藥前確認病人的尿液排出量
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鉀離子具有強烈刺激性，嚴禁靜脈推注（IV Push），否則會導致心跳停止。給予前須確認病人尿量大於 30ml/hr 以防高血鉀。使用輸液幫浦確保流速穩定，並建議經中心靜脈導管（Central Line）給藥以降低周邊靜脈炎風險。
Potassium is highly irritating, and IV push administration is strictly prohibited, as it can cause cardiac arrest. Before administration, the nurse must confirm that the client's urine output is greater than 30 mL/hr to prevent hyperkalemia. An infusion pump should be used to ensure a steady infusion rate, and administration via a central venous catheter is recommended to reduce the risk of peripheral phlebitis.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常依規範執行高危險藥物調配；台灣各醫療院所針對鉀離子滴速限制可能較嚴格，常需依據單一醫院制定的給藥指引執行。