護理師正照護一名準備接受靜脈腎盂造影 (IVP) 的病人。下列哪項是優先護理措施？
A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Which of the following is the priority nursing action?
- AAdminister a mild laxative as prescribed依醫囑給予輕瀉劑
- BInstruct the client to remain NPO for 8 hours指示案主禁食禁水8小時
- CVerify the client's allergy history regarding shellfish or iodine✓ 正解確認案主是否對貝類或碘過敏之病史
- DEnsure the informed consent is signed確保知情同意書已簽署
核心概念：靜脈腎盂造影（Intravenous Pyelogram, IVP）的術前安全準備。 為何正確答案對： B. IVP 使用含碘顯影劑（Iodine-based contrast media），對碘（Iodine）或海鮮（Shellfish）過敏的病人，有較高的風險發生嚴重的過敏反應，甚至過敏性休克（Anaphylactic Shock）。因此，在進行 IVP 前，優先確認病人的過敏史是確保病人安全的首要步驟。 為何其他選項錯： A. NPO（禁食禁水）通常是 IVP 的術前準備之一，但確認過敏史的優先級更高，因為過敏反應可能立即危及生命。 C. 確認簽署知情同意書（Informed Consent）是重要步驟，但安全性考量（如過敏史）應優先於行政程序。 D. 輕瀉劑（Laxative）的使用取決於檢查需求，可能需要清腸，但其重要性不及確認可能導致致命性反應的過敏史。
Core concept: Preoperative safety preparation for intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Why the correct answer is right: B. IVP uses iodine-based contrast media. Clients allergic to iodine or shellfish are at higher risk of severe allergic reactions and even anaphylactic shock. Therefore, before performing an IVP, verifying the client's allergy history is the top priority to ensure client safety. Why the other options are wrong: A. NPO (nothing by mouth) status is generally part of preoperative preparation for IVP, but verifying allergy history takes higher priority because an allergic reaction can be immediately life-threatening. C. Confirming that informed consent has been signed is an important step, but safety considerations (such as allergy history) should take priority over administrative procedures. D. The use of a mild laxative depends on the study's requirements and may be needed for bowel cleansing, but its importance is less than that of verifying an allergy history that could result in a fatal reaction.