一位 25 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的個案來到診所，主訴心悸、出汗及瀕死感。護理師判斷個案正在經歷恐慌發作。護理師應優先採取哪項行動？
A 25-year-old client with a history of generalized anxiety disorder presents to the clinic reporting heart palpitations, sweating, and a feeling of impending doom. The nurse identifies the client is experiencing a panic attack. Which action should the nurse prioritize?
- AAsk the client to describe the triggers for this episode詢問個案描述此次發作的誘發因素
- BAdminister an as-needed benzodiazepine給予處方上需要的苯二氮平類藥物
- CLeave the client alone to reduce environmental stimuli讓個案獨處以減少環境刺激
- DInstruct the client to take deep, slow breaths✓ 正解指導個案進行深而緩慢的呼吸
恐慌發作期間，個案會因過度換氣導致二氧化碳濃度下降，引發呼吸性鹼中毒並惡化症狀。引導個案進行深、慢呼吸，可增加二氧化碳濃度並啟動副交感神經，幫助個案恢復平靜。分析誘發因子（A）應在平靜後進行；給藥（B）需有醫囑且非首選；獨處（C）會增加安全風險。
During a panic attack, hyperventilation lowers the carbon dioxide concentration, producing respiratory alkalosis and worsening symptoms. Guiding the client through slow, deep breathing increases the carbon dioxide level and activates the parasympathetic nervous system, helping the client to regain calmness. Analyzing triggers (A) should be done after the client has calmed down; medication (B) requires a physician's order and is not the first choice; and leaving the client alone (C) increases safety risk.
美台護理臨床對於恐慌個案皆強調陪伴與呼吸調控，但美國傾向於更早進入護理指導流程，台灣臨床則更依賴藥物快速緩解。