— 生理適應 · HARD · SATA —
護理師照顧 SIADH（抗利尿激素分泌不適當症候群）病人，應預期出現哪些表現？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
- AHyponatremia✓ 正解低血鈉
- BConcentrated urine✓ 正解濃縮尿液
- CWeight gain✓ 正解體重增加
- DIncreased serum osmolality血清滲透壓增加
- EPeripheral edema周邊水腫
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
SIADH 是抗利尿激素過度分泌導致水分過度滯留，血液稀釋引發稀釋性低血鈉（A）。尿液因水份再吸收而呈現濃縮（B），體內水分過多導致體重增加（C）。D 選項錯誤，血清滲透壓應降低；E 選項錯誤，SIADH 常呈現水腫不明顯（隱性水腫），因液體進入細胞內。
SIADH is excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone leading to water retention and hemodilution, causing dilutional hyponatremia (A). Because water is reabsorbed, urine becomes concentrated (B), and the excess fluid causes weight gain (C). Option D is incorrect: serum osmolality should be low. Option E is incorrect: in SIADH, edema is usually not visible (latent edema) because fluid shifts into the cells.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對 SIADH 的處理流程類似，重點皆在於嚴格限制水分攝取與血鈉監測，避免腦水腫發生。