— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照顧一位尿崩症（Diabetes Insipidus）的病患。下列哪些發現是預期內的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with diabetes insipidus. Which findings are expected? (Select all that apply.)
- APolyuria✓ 正解多尿
- BDilute urine✓ 正解稀釋尿液
- CHigh serum osmolality✓ 正解血清滲透壓升高
- DWeight gain體重增加
- EPolydipsia✓ 正解多飲
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
尿崩症是因為抗利尿激素 (ADH) 不足，導致腎臟無法濃縮尿液。臨床表現為大量排尿 (Polyuria)、尿液稀釋 (Dilute urine)、極度口渴 (Polydipsia) 以及由於水分流失過多導致血漿滲透壓升高 (High serum osmolality)。D 選項錯誤，病患因失水而出現體重減輕。
Diabetes insipidus results from insufficient antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to the kidneys' inability to concentrate urine. Expected findings include polyuria, dilute urine with low specific gravity, polydipsia due to fluid loss, and high serum osmolality. Weight loss occurs rather than gain because of significant dehydration.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對尿崩症診斷（如限水試驗）的護理過程高度相似，皆需注意脫水監測。