— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
下列何者為毛地黃（Digoxin）中毒的臨床表現？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following are clinical manifestations of digoxin toxicity? (Select all that apply.)
- ABradycardia✓ 正解心搏過緩
- BYellow-green halos around objects✓ 正解物體周圍出現黃綠色光暈
- CIncreased appetite食慾增加
- DNausea and vomiting✓ 正解噁心和嘔吐
- EConfusion✓ 正解意識混亂
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
毛地黃治療窗狹窄，中毒症狀多元。腸胃道症狀（噁心、嘔吐）常為早期徵兆；視力異常（看到黃綠光暈）具診斷特異性；心律不整（如緩脈）及神經系統異常（意識混亂）亦常見。食慾增加非中毒症狀，通常反而是食慾不振。
Digoxin has a narrow therapeutic window, and its toxicity presents in many ways. GI symptoms (nausea, vomiting) are often early signs; visual disturbances (yellow-green halos around lights) carry diagnostic specificity; arrhythmias (such as bradycardia) and neurological abnormalities (confusion) are also common. Increased appetite is not a toxicity symptom — anorexia is typically seen instead.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩地均高度監測血清濃度（Digoxin level），台灣醫師對於中毒後的 Digibind 使用率與國外標準一致。