病人獲醫囑開立 20 mEq 氯化鉀靜脈輸注。給藥前護理師最重要的護理措施為何？
A client is prescribed intravenous potassium chloride 20 mEq. Which nursing action is essential before initiating the infusion?
- AEnsure the client has adequate urine output✓ 正解確保病人有足夠的尿量
- BAssess the client's fasting blood glucose level評估病人的空腹血糖值
- CAdminister an antiemetic medication給予抗吐藥物
- DVerify the presence of a central venous catheter確認存在中央靜脈導管
靜脈補鉀前，護理師需確認病人腎功能正常，尿量必須達到 0.5 mL/kg/hr 以上，以確保鉀離子能經腎臟排出，避免嚴重高鉀血症導致心律不整。D 選項氯化鉀可從周邊管路給予（需稀釋），無需強行配置中央管路。C、B 與給藥安全性無直接關聯。
Before intravenous potassium replacement, the nurse must confirm that the patient's renal function is normal, with urine output of at least 0.5 mL/kg/hr, to ensure that potassium can be excreted through the kidneys and to avoid severe hyperkalemia causing arrhythmia. In option D, potassium chloride can be given through a peripheral line (with dilution) without forcibly establishing a central line. Options C and B are not directly related to medication safety.
台美皆嚴格要求確認尿量，但在美國護理師常需在給藥前手動檢查腎功能指數 (BUN/Cr) 並自行判斷是否執行，台灣較依賴醫師醫囑與護理紀錄。