— 降低風險 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師準備對低血鉀病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀，下列哪項評估最具安全性關鍵？
A nurse is preparing to administer intravenous potassium chloride to a client with hypokalemia. Which of the following is the most critical safety assessment?
- AAssess the IV site for infiltration評估靜脈注射部位是否有滲漏
- BCheck the blood pressure測量血壓
- CCheck the serum potassium level檢查血清鉀濃度
- DVerify the patient's urine output✓ 正解確認病人的尿液排出量
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鉀離子（Potassium）主要透過腎臟代謝排出。對於低血鉀（Hypokalemia）病人給予補充時，最核心的安全前提是確認腎功能良好。若病人無尿或少尿（Urine output < 30 mL/hr），給予鉀離子會導致血鉀迅速飆升，引發致命的心律不整（如室性心搏過速、心跳停止）。因此，尿量監測是給藥前最關鍵的評估。
Before administering intravenous potassium chloride, the nurse must verify adequate urine output to ensure renal excretion capability. Since potassium is primarily eliminated by the kidneys, administering it to a client with oliguria or anuria poses a critical risk of life-threatening hyperkalemia and cardiac arrhythmias.