— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列哪些病人需要護理師執行飛沫隔離措施？（選所有適合的）
Which clients require the nurse to implement droplet precautions? (Select all that apply.)
- AClient with influenza✓ 正解患有流感的病人
- BClient with pulmonary tuberculosis患有肺結核的病人
- CClient with pertussis✓ 正解患有百日咳的病人
- DClient with measles患有麻疹的病人
- EClient with bacterial meningitis✓ 正解患有細菌性腦膜炎的病人
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
飛沫隔離（Droplet Precautions）適用於病原體透過大於 5 微米的飛沫傳播，通常傳播距離在 3-6 英尺（約 1-2 公尺）內。流感、百日咳與細菌性腦膜炎均透過此途徑傳播。結核病與麻疹則透過微小飛沫核（Droplet Nuclei）傳播，屬於空氣隔離（Airborne Precautions）。
Droplet precautions apply to pathogens transmitted via droplets larger than 5 microns, typically within a distance of 3–6 feet (about 1–2 meters). Influenza, pertussis, and bacterial meningitis are all transmitted by this route. Tuberculosis and measles, however, are transmitted via small droplet nuclei and fall under airborne precautions.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院針對細菌性腦膜炎的飛沫隔離，通常會持續到抗生素治療後 24 小時為止，這是 NCLEX 常見的考點。