護理師正在檢視一位使用軟式腕部約束病人的照護計畫。應包含哪項措施?
The nurse is reviewing the plan of care for a client who is in soft wrist restraints. Which action should the nurse include?
- ASecure the restraint straps to the side rails of the bed將約束帶固定於床欄上
- BRenew the restraint prescription every 48 hours每 48 小時更新約束醫囑
- CCheck the restraint site for circulation and skin integrity every 2 hours✓ 正解每 2 小時檢查約束部位的循環與皮膚完整性
- DRelease the restraints every 4 hours for range-of-motion exercises每 4 小時解開約束進行關節活動運動
物理約束的安全管理核心在於預防組織損傷。護理師必須每 2 小時檢查一次約束部位的末梢循環、皮膚顏色、脈搏與完整性,並進行局部護理與活動,以防止神經壓迫或壓瘡。這是護理評估的黃金頻率。選項 A 是重大安全錯誤,約束帶應固定在床架(bed frame)上而非隨時會移動的床欄,否則放下床欄時會拉扯傷及病人;選項 D 錯誤,釋放並提供活動的頻率應至少每 2 小時一次而非 4 小時;選項 B 錯誤,在美國 CMS 標準中,非精神科約束醫囑通常需每 24 小時重新開立一次。
Restraints must be secured to the bed frame rather than side rails to prevent injury when the rails are moved or lowered. To prevent neurovascular compromise and skin breakdown, the nurse must assess the restraint site for circulation and skin integrity every two hours. Furthermore, restraints should be released every two hours for range-of-motion exercises and hygiene, not every four hours, and prescriptions typically require renewal every 24 hours.
美國對約束(Restraint)的法律定義極其嚴格,被視為「最後手段」,護理師需每 2 小時詳盡記錄評估與替代方案;台灣雖亦有約束指引,但在臨床執行上,家屬同意書的法律地位較高,且部分醫院的評估頻率可能設定為每班一次(8小時)。