— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師在社區進行疫苗接種衛教。關於流行性感冒疫苗，下列何者敘述正確？
A nurse is teaching a community class on immunization. Which of the following statements about the influenza vaccine is correct?
- AIt can cause the flu in healthy individuals它可能會導致健康個體感染流感
- BIt is only necessary for the elderly僅老年人需要接種
- CIt provides lifelong immunity它能提供終身免疫力
- DIt is recommended annually because the virus strains change✓ 正解由於病毒株發生變化，建議每年接種
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
流感病毒具有高度變異性，WHO 每年根據流行的變異株更新疫苗成分，因此必須每年接種以維持保護力。流感疫苗（非減毒版）無法導致流感，常見副作用為局部疼痛或輕微發燒。接種對象應涵蓋所有 6 個月以上之民眾，不僅限於長者。
Influenza viruses have high antigenic variability, and the WHO updates vaccine composition each year based on circulating strains; annual vaccination is therefore required to maintain protection. Inactivated influenza vaccine cannot cause influenza, and common side effects include localized soreness and mild fever. Vaccination is recommended for everyone aged 6 months and older, not limited to the elderly.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣流感疫苗公費接種對象包含學齡前幼童與學生，此政策有助於降低社區傳播鏈，美國則鼓勵全員施打。