— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師準備為低血鉀病人輸注 IV 氯化鉀 (KCl)。輸注前最重要的評估項目為何？
A nurse is preparing to administer IV potassium chloride (KCl) to a client with hypokalemia. Which assessment is most important before infusion?
- APeripheral capillary refill周邊毛細血管再充盈時間
- BSerum glucose levels血清葡萄糖濃度
- CUrine output✓ 正解尿液排出量
- DBlood pressure血壓
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
KCl 具有腎毒性且極易引發致命性心律不整，輸注前確認腎臟功能健全至關重要。若病人無尿或少尿，會導致鉀離子滯留引發高血鉀。評估尿量至少 0.5 mL/kg/hr 可確保腎臟能排泄過剩鉀離子，防止毒性蓄積與心臟傳導異常。
KCl is nephrotoxic and can easily provoke life-threatening arrhythmias, so it is essential to confirm intact renal function prior to infusion. If the client is anuric or oliguric, potassium will accumulate and produce hyperkalemia. Confirming a urine output of at least 0.5 mL/kg/hr ensures that the kidneys can excrete excess potassium and prevents toxic accumulation and cardiac conduction abnormalities.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台臨床皆視尿量為給予 KCl 的絕對前提，台灣常規要求至少 30 mL/hr 的尿量標準。