護理師照顧一位有癲癇病史的病人，癲癇發作時的優先護理動作為何？

核心概念：癲癇發作（Seizure）期間的護理安全措施。 為何正確答案對： B. 在病人癲癇發作時，最首要的任務是保護病人免受身體傷害。這包括移除病人周圍可能造成碰撞的硬物、鬆開緊身衣物、將病人移至安全平坦處，並在頭部下方墊軟物，以防止頭部撞擊。 為何其他選項錯： A. 插入帶襯墊的壓舌板（Insert a padded tongue blade）是過時且危險的做法。過去認為可以防止咬舌，但實際上可能導致牙齒斷裂、顎骨損傷，甚至阻塞呼吸道。現代護理不再建議此操作。 C. 試圖約束病人（Attempt to restrain the client）在發作期間是危險且無效的。強行約束可能導致肌肉骨骼損傷（如骨折、脫臼），並可能加劇病人的掙扎，增加受傷風險。 D. 在癲癇發作期間給予口服藥物（Give the client oral medication）是絕對禁止的。病人可能失去意識，肌肉抽搐，吞嚥困難，強行餵藥極易導致藥物進入氣管，引起吸入性肺炎，危及生命。

Core concept: safety measures during a seizure. Why the correct answer is correct: B. During an active seizure, the primary priority is to protect the client from physical injury. This includes removing hard objects in the client's vicinity that could cause trauma, loosening tight clothing, moving the client to a safe and flat surface, and placing a soft object under the head to prevent head injury. Why the other options are incorrect: A. Inserting a padded tongue blade is an outdated and dangerous practice. Although it was once thought to prevent tongue biting, it can actually cause tooth fractures, jaw injuries, and even airway obstruction. Modern nursing practice no longer recommends this intervention. C. Attempting to restrain the client during a seizure is dangerous and ineffective. Forcible restraint can cause musculoskeletal injuries (such as fractures or dislocations) and may intensify the client's struggling, increasing the risk of injury. D. Administering oral medication during a seizure is absolutely contraindicated. The client may be unconscious, with muscle spasms and impaired swallowing; forcing oral medication can easily cause the drug to enter the airway, leading to aspiration pneumonia and life-threatening complications.