護理師準備給予病人高濃度氯化鉀（KCl）靜脈點滴，下列哪些安全措施是必要執行的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer a concentrated potassium chloride IV infusion. Which of the following safety measures must the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify the concentration and rate of infusion with another nurse✓ 正解與另一位護理師核對輸注濃度與速率
- BEnsure the IV site is patent and without signs of infiltration✓ 正解確保靜脈通路暢通且無滲漏跡象
- CAdminister the infusion via a central venous catheter if available若有條件，經中心靜脈導管給藥
- DMonitor the client's cardiac rhythm continuously✓ 正解持續監測病人之心電圖節律
- EDilute the medication appropriately according to institutional policy✓ 正解依機構政策適當稀釋藥物
KCl 屬於高警訊藥物，必須嚴格遵循給藥安全規範。雙人核對濃度與速度是防止給藥錯誤的關鍵。確保靜脈通路暢通是為了防止滲漏造成的組織壞死。心律監測能及時偵測因血鉀異常導致的心律不整。適當稀釋可減輕對血管的刺激。
KCl is a high-alert medication, and strict safety protocols for administration must be followed. An independent double-check of concentration and rate by another nurse is essential to prevent administration errors. Ensuring the patency of the IV access prevents tissue necrosis caused by infiltration. Cardiac rhythm monitoring allows for early detection of dysrhythmias caused by abnormal potassium levels. Appropriate dilution reduces vessel irritation.
台美皆將 KCl 列為高警訊藥物，美國護理師常需雙人簽章，台灣則多要求嚴格遵守單位稀釋比例規定。