護理師準備靜脈輸注氯化鉀（KCl），給藥前最關鍵的安全檢查為何？
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride IV infusion. Which of the following is the most critical safety check before initiation?
- AVerify the patient's identity核對病患身分
- BEnsure the patient has a patent peripheral IV line確保病患周邊靜脈通路暢通
- CCheck that the potassium is diluted in a minimum of 100 mL of fluid✓ 正解確認鉀離子已稀釋於至少 100 mL 的液體中
- DCheck for current serum creatinine levels檢查目前的血清肌酸酐數值
氯化鉀具有強烈血管刺激性，若濃度過高直接推注（IV push）會造成心跳停止。標準給藥原則為必須稀釋，且給藥速率不得超過 10 mEq/hr。確認稀釋量與濃度是避免致命性給藥錯誤的第一道防線，即便身分核對也很重要，但在給藥技術中稀釋濃度是防範風險的核心。
Potassium chloride is highly irritating to blood vessels, and direct IV push at high concentration can cause cardiac arrest. The standard administration principle is that the medication must be diluted and the infusion rate must not exceed 10 mEq/hr. Verifying the volume of dilution and the resulting concentration is the first line of defense against fatal medication errors. While identity verification is also important, the dilution and concentration of this high-alert medication is the core safety check that prevents direct harm.
美國醫院多由藥師預先配置（pre-mixed bag），台灣臨床單位偶需護理師自行於小瓶點滴中加入，增加調配疏失風險。