護理師正在照護一名有癲癇病史且在醫院接受監測的患者。護理師應執行下列哪些安全措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of seizures who is being monitored in the hospital. Which of the following safety measures should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep a padded tongue blade at the bedside在床邊備有包軟墊的壓舌板
- BEnsure suction equipment is set up and functional✓ 正解確保抽吸設備已設置且功能正常
- CPad the side rails of the bed✓ 正解為床欄加裝軟墊
- DMaintain the bed in the lowest position✓ 正解將病床維持在最低位置
- EPlace a plastic oral airway at the bedside在床邊放置塑膠口咽管
癲癇安全防範（Seizure Precautions）的核心是防止外傷與維持呼吸道通暢。B 是正確的：癲癇發作時可能產生大量分泌物或嘔吐，必須隨時準備抽吸以防吸入性肺炎。C 是正確的：床欄加墊可防止病人在強直陣攣發作時撞擊硬物導致骨折或瘀青。D 是正確的：將床降至最低可減少萬一病人墜床時的受傷程度。A 是錯誤的：這是過時且危險的做法，將東西強行塞入病人嘴裡會造成牙齒斷裂或阻塞呼吸道。E 是錯誤的：癲癇發作期間不可強行插入任何口咽管。護理師必須區分「現代循證做法」與「傳統迷思」，安全優先原則在此情境下體現為「不造成額外傷害」與「環境準備」。
The core of seizure precautions is to prevent trauma and maintain a patent airway. Option B is correct: seizures can produce copious secretions or vomiting, so functional suction equipment must always be available to prevent aspiration pneumonia. Option C is correct: padded side rails prevent the client from striking hard surfaces during tonic-clonic activity, which could result in fractures or bruising. Option D is correct: keeping the bed in the lowest position minimizes injury in the event of a fall. Option A is incorrect: this is an outdated and dangerous practice, since forcing an object into the client's mouth can fracture teeth or obstruct the airway. Option E is incorrect: no oral airway should be forcibly inserted during an active seizure. The nurse must distinguish modern evidence-based practice from traditional myths; the safety-first principle in this context means avoiding additional harm while ensuring environmental preparation.
在美國，醫院通常有專門的「Seizure Kit」，內含預製的床欄墊與抽吸耗材。在台灣，護理師常需自行用棉被或枕頭手工製作「克難式」床欄墊。雖然材料不同，但預防受傷的核心邏輯是一致的，只是美國的標準化配備通常更為齊全。